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Showing 101 - 150Reemergence of Racial Disparity in Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage III Colon Cancer
In an analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Murphy et al found that disparity in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in white vs black patients with stage III colon cancer may have recently reemerged after a trend of increasing use in both racial groups. Changes in Use Over...
Adding Neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 After Chemoradiation May Improve Pathologic Complete Response Rate in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Garcia-Aguilar et al found that adding neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 (modified fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin, oxaliplatin) after chemoradiation improved the pathologic complete response rate in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing...
Circulating DNA and Protein Biomarkers May Be Associated With Benefit of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a retrospective study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tabernero et al used commercially available BEAMing technology to assess plasma tumor DNA and protein levels in a subgroup of patients from the CORRECT trial of regorafenib (Stivarga) in metastatic colorectal cancer and examined the...
High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy and Watchful Waiting May Be Alternative to Surgery in Some Patients With Distal Rectal Cancer
In a Danish prospective observational study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Appelt et al found that high-dose chemoradiotherapy and watchful waiting may be an alternative to abdominoperineal resection in some patients with distal rectal cancer. Study Details In the study, 55 patients with...
Modeling Indicates Greater Benefit Without Greater Cost for Increased Colorectal Adenoma Detection Rate in Colonoscopy Screening
In a study reported in JAMA by Meester et al, microsimulation modeling of data from a U.S. community-based health-care system showed that colorectal cancer incidence and mortality were reduced with increased adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy screening, with no increase in total costs. Study...
Specific Mutations in KRAS Codon 12 Associated With Poorer Overall Survival in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases
In a single-institution study reported in JAMA Surgery, Margonis et al found that particular KRAS codon 12 mutations were associated with significantly poorer overall survival among patients with colorectal liver metastases. Study Details This retrospective study included data from 331 patients...
Regorafenib Improves Overall Survival in Asian Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the phase III CONCUR trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Li et al found that the multikinase inhibitor regorafenib (Stivarga) improved overall survival vs placebo in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug...
Maintenance Capecitabine-Bevacizumab Prolongs Time to Second Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Dutch Trial
In the phase III CAIRO3 trial reported in The Lancet, Simkens et al of the Dutch Colorectal Cancer Group found that maintenance capecitabine-bevacizumab (Avastin) prolonged the time to second progression vs observation in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In this open-label trial, 558...
Addition of Ramucirumab to Second-Line FOLFIRI Improves Overall Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In the phase III RAISE trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Tabernero et al found that the addition of the antiangiogenic anti-VEGFR2 antibody ramucirumab (Cyramza) to second-line FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan) improved overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal...
Frequency of Germline TP53 Mutations in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Not Meeting Criteria for Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
In a study reported in JAMA Oncology, Yurgelun et al identified germline TP53 mutations in multiple patients with early-onset colorectal cancer from the Colon Cancer Family Registry who did not meet clinical criteria for Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Li-Fraumeni syndrome is associated with increased risk...
Do Survival Gains Match More Intense Treatment in Younger Patients With Colon Cancer?
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Kneuertz et al found that the more frequent stage-specific use of adjuvant chemotherapy in younger patients with colon cancer did not appear to produce commensurate benefit in survival compared with outcomes in older patients. Study Details The study was a...
Similar Outcomes With Laparoscopic vs Open Resection in Rectal Cancer
In the COLOR II study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Bonjer et al found similar rates of locoregional recurrence and disease-free and overall survival with laparoscopic vs open resection of rectal cancer. Study Details In the trial, 1,044 patients from 30 sites in 8 countries in ...
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated With Colorectal Cancer Preventive Effect of Aspirin or NSAIDs in Persons of European Descent
In a study reported in JAMA, Nan et al found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer with regular aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use by persons of European descent. Study Details The case-control study...
Improved Outcome and Greater Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Laparoscopic vs Open Colectomy in Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer
In a National Cancer Data Base analysis reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Zheng et al found that laparoscopic colectomy was associated with lower 30-day mortality, shorter length of stay, and, in patients with stage III disease, greater use of adjuvant chemotherapy vs open...
Vegetarian Dietary Pattern, Particularly Pescovegetarian Pattern, Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported by Orlich et al in JAMA Internal Medicine, a vegetarian dietary pattern was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, with risk reduction appearing to be greatest in pescovegetarians. Study Details The study involved data from 77,659 participants in the Adventist...
Left-Sided Primary Tumor Location More Common and Associated With Better Survival in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Loupakis et al found that most treatment-naive patients with metastatic colorectal cancer had left-sided primary tumor location and that left-sided tumor location was associated with improved overall survival. Study Details The...
Greater Guideline Adherence, Better Survival, Absence of Racial Survival Disparity Among Colorectal Cancer Patients in Integrated Health-Care System
In a retrospective analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Rhoads et al found that treatment of colorectal cancer patients in an integrated health-care system was associated with greater compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, better survival, and no...
Colorectal Cancer Benefits With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening in SCORE Trial Are Generalizable to Broader Population
The Italian SCORE trial is among several recent large European randomized trials showing the benefit of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Senore et al found that characteristics of...
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of First- and Second-Line Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a U.S.-based cost-effectiveness analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Goldstein et al found high costs per quality-adjusted life-year with the addition of bevacizumab (Avastin) to chemotherapy in first- and second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Study Details...
Adding Cetuximab to First-Line FOLFIRI Does Not Benefit Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With RAS Mutations
The phase III CRYSTAL trial showed that the addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to first-line FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and objective response rates in patients with KRAS codon 12/13 (exon 2) wild-type...
Active Smoking Increases Mortality in Nonmetastatic Colorectal Cancer, Both Pre- and Postdiagnosis
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yang et al found that current smoking was associated with increased colorectal cancer–specific and all-cause mortality among colorectal cancer patients in both the prediagnosis and postdiagnosis settings. Study Details The study...
Evidence of Recurrence-Free, Disease-Free, and Overall Survival Benefit of Aspirin and COX-2 Inhibitors in Stage III Colon Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Ng et al found consistent trends suggesting benefit of aspirin use and COX-2 inhibitor use on recurrence-free, disease-free, and overall survival in patients with stage III colon cancer. Study Details This prospective...
Retrospective Study Indicates Improved Disease-Free Survival for Complete Mesocolic Excision vs Conventional Surgery for Colon Cancer
In a Danish retrospective population-based study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Bertelsen et al found that complete mesocolic excision resulted in better disease-free survival compared with conventional colon resection in patients with stage I to III colon cancer. Study Details The study...
Pre- and Postdiagnosis Physical Activity and TV Viewing Affect Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Arem et al found that increased leisure-time physical activity prior to and increased activity after colorectal cancer diagnosis were associated with improved overall survival, as was less television watching prior to diagnosis. Study ...
Genetic Diagnosis by Exome Sequencing Feasible for Familial Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Chubb et al found that genetic diagnosis of high-penetrance susceptibility to colorectal cancer can be achieved in a sizeable proportion of familial colorectal cancer cases via exome sequencing for germline mutations. Study Details The...
ASCO Endorses ESMO Guideline on Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
Approximately 5% to 6% of cases of colorectal cancer are associated with germline mutations conferring an inherited predisposition for disease. As reported by Stoffel et al in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO has endorsed, with qualifying statements, the European Society for Medical Oncology...
Cancer Risk Associated With Lynch Syndrome PMS2 Mutation in European Cohort
The effects of PMS2 germline mutations are less well understood than those of other Lynch syndrome–associated mismatch repair gene mutations. In a European cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ten Broeke et al found that risks of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer...
No Survival Difference for Adjuvant Capecitabine vs 5-FU With or Without Oxaliplatin in Stage III Colon Cancer
In an analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology, Schmoll et al found no difference in survival outcomes with adjuvant capecitabine vs fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage III colon cancer and no adverse impact of adjuvant oxaliplatin on post-relapse...
Colon Cancer Gene-Expression Risk Scores Contribute Little to Prognostic Ability of Established Risk Factors
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Di Narzo et al found that individual colon cancer gene-expression risk scores contributed little to the prognostic ability of traditional risk factors. Study Details The study involved evaluation of four gene-expression risk...
Modest Correlation of Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Modern First-Line Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Trials
In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Shi et al found a modest correlation of progression-free survival with overall survival as first-line treatment endpoints in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The study involved individual patient- and trial-level data from 16,762...
Small Variation in Risk-Adjusted Hospital Readmission After Colorectal Cancer Surgery
In a study reported in JAMA Surgery, Lucas et al found wide variation in raw hospital readmission rates after colorectal cancer surgery but little variation in readmission in risk-adjusted analysis. Thirty-day readmission rates have been reported at 10% to 14% in this setting. Study Details The...
Wide Geographic Variation in Use of Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer
There has been a dramatic increase in the use of laparoscopic colectomy for colon cancer. In a Medicare data study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Reames and colleagues found that use of laparoscopic colectomy varied from 0% to 66.8% across hospital referral regions in the United...
Increased Prediagnosis BMI Associated With Increased Risk of Second Obesity-Associated Cancers in Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of primary colorectal cancer, as well as increased risk of breast, endometrial, esophageal, pancreatic, and kidney cancers. In a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Gibson et al found...
LINE-1 Hypomethylation Associated With Poorer Survival in Microsatellite Instability–High vs Microsatellite-Stable Tumors in Colorectal Cancer
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Inamura et al found that hypomethylation in long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is associated with greater colorectal cancer–specific and overall mortality in high-degree microsatellite instability vs...
Improved Survival with Adjuvant FOLFOX vs Fluorouracil/Leucovorin After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
In a Korean phase II trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Hong et al found that adjuvant FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil [5-FU], leucovorin) prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival vs 5-FU/leucovorin in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had received neoadjuvant...
Long-Term Colorectal Cancer Mortality After Removal of Adenomas
There are few data available on long-term risk of colorectal cancer mortality after adenoma removal. In a Norwegian study reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Løberg et al found that patients who had low-risk adenomas removed had lower colorectal cancer mortality risk and those...
Modeling Study Critical of Intensive Colonoscopy Screening in Medicare Population
A modeling study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine by van Hees and colleagues showed that colonoscopy screening at intervals shorter than 10 years or continuing past 75 years of age in the Medicare population is associated with a reduced net health benefit from a societal perspective. Study ...
Low Incidence of Colorectal Cancer, Elevated Rate of Postprocedure Hospitalization in Elderly Patients Undergoing Surveillance Colonoscopy
In a retrospective cohort study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Tran et al found a low rate of colorectal cancer and a relatively high rate of postprocedure hospitalization in elderly patients undergoing surveillance colonoscopy. Study Details The study involved patients aged ≥ 50 years...
NORCCAP Trial Shows Reduced Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality With Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening at 11-Year Follow-up
The Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Prevention Trial comparing colorectal cancer screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy vs no screening showed no reduction in colorectal cancer incidence or mortality after 7 years of follow-up. As reported by Holme et al in JAMA, the 11-year follow-up shows significant...
No Difference in Response Rate but Overall Survival Benefit With First-Line FOLFIRI/Cetuximab vs FOLFIRI/Bevacizumab in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
In a European phase III FIRE-3 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Heinemann et al found no difference in response rate, the primary endpoint, between FOLFIRI (fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan) plus the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (Erbitux) vs FOLFIRI plus the anti-VEGF-A antibody...
Large Differences in Survival According to Hospital Risk-Adjusted Margin Positivity Rate Status in Rectal Cancer Surgery
Risk-adjusted margin positivity rate has been suggested for use as a rectal cancer surgery quality metric. In an observational cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Massarweh et al from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center identified risk-adjusted margin positivity ...
Statin Use After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Reduces Colorectal Cancer–Specific and All-Cause Mortality
In a UK population-based cohort study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cardwell et al found that statin use after diagnosis of colorectal cancer was associated with a 29% reduction in colorectal cancer–specific mortality and a 25% reduction in all-cause mortality. Improvements...
Higher Plasma Vitamin D Concentration Associated With Reduced Cancer-Specific and All-Cause Mortality After Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
In a Scottish study reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology, Zgaga et al found strong associations between plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer and colorectal cancer–specific and all-cause mortality. Significant interactions of vitamin D...
Poorer Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival Seen in Youngest and Oldest Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Lieu et al recently analyzed the effect of age on outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using the ARCAD (Aide et Recherche en Cancérologie Digestive) database. The findings, reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, indicate a U-shaped risk of death and death or...
Effects of Aspirin, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Smoking, and BMI on Age- and Cancer-Associated DNA Methylation in the Colon in Women
In a study reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Noreen et al found that aspirin and hormone-replacement therapy reduced age-related gene promoter DNA methylation, and smoking and high body mass index (BMI) increased methylation in the colonic mucosa in women. Similar...
Study Identifies Patient and Tumor Characteristics Associated With BRAF and KRAS Mutations in Colon Cancer
In a study in the population of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG)/Alliance N0147 adjuvant trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Gonsalves et al identified patient and tumor characteristics that are associated with KRAS and BRAF V600E mutations in colon...
Multifaceted Intervention Improves Adherence to Annual Colorectal Cancer Screening in Primarily Latino Community Health Centers
Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among Latinos and people living in poverty. In a study reported in JAMA Internal Medicine, Baker et al found that a multifaceted intervention more than doubled adherence to screening with fecal occult blood testing in a largely Latino and uninsured...
5-Year Results of the European EXPERT-C Trial Show Benefit of Cetuximab in TP53 Wild-Type Rectal Cancer Subgroup
In an updated analysis of the European phase II EXPERT-C trial reported in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Sclafani et al found that adding cetuximab (Erbitux) to neoadjuvant capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) followed by chemoradiotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant CAPOX produced no...
Postdiagnosis Calcium and Milk Intake May Be Associated With Improved Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Higher intakes of calcium, vitamin D, and dairy product are associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, but the effect of such intake on survival in colorectal cancer is unclear. In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Yang et al found that higher postdiagnosis intake of...
No Disease-Free Survival Benefit of Adding Cetuximab to FOLFOX4 in KRAS Exon 2 Wild-Type Resected Stage III Colon Cancer
In an interim analysis of the European phase III PETACC-8 trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Taieb et al found no disease-free survival or overall survival benefit with the addition of cetuximab (Erbitux) to standard adjuvant FOLFOX4 (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, leucovorin) therapy in patients...
